The minimum amount you must withdraw annually from tax-deferred retirement accounts (Traditional IRAs, 401(k)s, etc.) starting at a certain age. RMDs are calculated by dividing your account balance by a life expectancy factor from IRS tables. The SECURE Act 2.0 raised the starting age to 73 (2023) and will increase it to 75 (2033). Failure to take RMDs results in a 25% penalty on the amount not withdrawn.